Blink
This example shows the simplest thing you can do with an Arduino or Genuino to see physical output: it blinks an LED.
Hardware Required
Arduino or Genuino Board, LED,220 ohm resistor.
Circuit
To build the circuit, connect one end of the resistor to Arduino pin 13. Connect the long leg of the LED (the positive leg, called the anode) to the other end of the resistor. Connect the short leg of the LED (the negative leg, called the cathode) to the Arduino GND, as shown in the diagram and the schematic below.
The value of the resistor in series with the LED may be of a different value than 220 ohm; the LED will lit up also with values up to 1K ohm.
After you build the circuit plug your Arduino or Genuino board into your computer, start the Arduino Software (IDE) and enter the code below. The first thing you do is to initialize pin 13 as an output pin with the line
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
In the main loop, you turn the LED on with the line:
digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
This supplies 5 volts to pin 13. That creates a voltage difference across the pins of the LED, and lights it up. Then you turn it off with the line:
digitalWrite(13, LOW);
That takes pin 13 back to 0 volts, and turns the LED off. In between the on and the off, you want enough time for a person to see the change, so the delay() commands tell the board to do nothing for 1000 milliseconds, or one second. When you use the delay() command, nothing else happens for that amount of time.
/*
Turns on an LED on for one second, then off for one second, repeatedly.
Most Arduinos have an on-board LED you can control. On the Uno and
Leonardo, it is attached to digital pin 13.
*/
// the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board
void setup ( )
{
// initialize digital pin 13 as an output.
pinMode ( 13 , OUTPUT ) ;
}
// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop ( )
{
digitalWrite ( 13 , HIGH ) ; // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay ( 1000 ) ; // wait for a second
digitalWrite ( 13 , LOW ) ; // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
delay ( 1000 ) ; // wait for a second
}
